See kʷels- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*karš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *karš-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *karš-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*karṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *karṣ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *karṣ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृष्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृष् (kṛṣ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृष् (kṛṣ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéls-e-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"alt": "*kʷélseti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷélseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷélseti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄢𒀸𒍣",
"3": "𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣",
"pos2": "3pl.pres.act.",
"t": "to scratch, carve, engrave",
"tr1": "gul-aš-zi",
"tr2": "gul-ša-an-zi",
"ts1": "kʷlStˢi",
"ts2": "kʷlSantˢi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄢𒀸𒍣 (gul-aš-zi /kʷlStˢi/, “to scratch, carve, engrave”), 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /kʷlSantˢi/, 3pl.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "apparently generalized from the weak forms"
},
"expansion": "(apparently generalized from the weak forms)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zi"
},
"expansion": "ᶻⁱ",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄢𒀸𒍣 (gul-aš-zi /kʷlStˢi/, “to scratch, carve, engrave”), 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /kʷlSantˢi/, 3pl.pres.act.) (apparently generalized from the weak forms)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"t": "engraving",
"tr": "*gulza/i-"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Luwian: [script needed] (*gulza/i-, “engraving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Luwian: [script needed] (*gulza/i-, “engraving”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "gulzi-"
},
"expansion": "→ Hittite: [script needed] (gulzi-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hittite: [script needed] (gulzi-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káršati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*káršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *káršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *káršati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (karšaⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (karšaⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کشیدن",
"tr": "kašidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کشیدن (kašidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کشیدن (kašidan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्षति",
"t": "draw, pull, drag"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कर्षति (karṣati, “draw, pull, drag”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कर्षति (karṣati, “draw, pull, drag”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéls-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷélson",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélson",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otherwise from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kʷél(h₁)-es-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(otherwise from *kʷél(h₁)-es-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélson (otherwise from *kʷél(h₁)-es-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέλσον",
"t": "end, limit",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “end, limit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “end, limit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"t": "to draw",
"tr": "gulzā(i)-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (gulzā(i)-, “to draw”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (gulzā(i)-, “to draw”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷels-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kʷel-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pull, drag"
],
"id": "en-kʷels--ine-pro-root-TmXRbjI-",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"drag",
"drag"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to turn"
],
"id": "en-kʷels--ine-pro-root-4s29iXOP",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷels-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*karš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *karš-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *karš-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*karṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *karṣ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *karṣ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृष्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृष् (kṛṣ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृष् (kṛṣ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéls-e-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"alt": "*kʷélseti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷélseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷélseti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄢𒀸𒍣",
"3": "𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣",
"pos2": "3pl.pres.act.",
"t": "to scratch, carve, engrave",
"tr1": "gul-aš-zi",
"tr2": "gul-ša-an-zi",
"ts1": "kʷlStˢi",
"ts2": "kʷlSantˢi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄢𒀸𒍣 (gul-aš-zi /kʷlStˢi/, “to scratch, carve, engrave”), 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /kʷlSantˢi/, 3pl.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "apparently generalized from the weak forms"
},
"expansion": "(apparently generalized from the weak forms)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zi"
},
"expansion": "ᶻⁱ",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄢𒀸𒍣 (gul-aš-zi /kʷlStˢi/, “to scratch, carve, engrave”), 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /kʷlSantˢi/, 3pl.pres.act.) (apparently generalized from the weak forms)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"t": "engraving",
"tr": "*gulza/i-"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Luwian: [script needed] (*gulza/i-, “engraving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Luwian: [script needed] (*gulza/i-, “engraving”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "gulzi-"
},
"expansion": "→ Hittite: [script needed] (gulzi-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hittite: [script needed] (gulzi-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káršati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*káršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *káršati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *káršati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (karšaⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (karšaⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کشیدن",
"tr": "kašidan"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کشیدن (kašidan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کشیدن (kašidan)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्षति",
"t": "draw, pull, drag"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कर्षति (karṣati, “draw, pull, drag”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कर्षति (karṣati, “draw, pull, drag”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷéls-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷélson",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélson",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otherwise from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kʷél(h₁)-es-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(otherwise from *kʷél(h₁)-es-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélson (otherwise from *kʷél(h₁)-es-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέλσον",
"t": "end, limit",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “end, limit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “end, limit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"t": "to draw",
"tr": "gulzā(i)-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (gulzā(i)-, “to draw”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (gulzā(i)-, “to draw”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷels-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "kʷel-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to pull, drag"
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"drag",
"drag"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to turn"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷels-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʷels- meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.